Group
| Biomarkers
|
Pre-diabetes/diabetes metabolic markers
| Fasting insulin, fasting glucose, HOMA-IR, QUICKI, C-peptide, HbA1c, fructosamine, branched-chain amino acids |
Lipids
| Lipid profile (total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, VLDL, HDL, non-HDL cholesterol), free fatty acids, ApoB, ApoC3, ApoC1, Lp(a), NMR lipoprotein profiling, LP-Insulin Resistance (LP-IR) test |
Cardiovascular risk markers
| NT-proBNP, cardiac and non-cardiac hsCRP, cardiac hsTnT, hsTnI, hsCRP, CK, CK-MB |
| Muscle metabolism markers | sCystatin C, sCreatinine
|
Renal markers
| eGFR, microalbumin, uCreatinine, UACR, UPCR
|
Liver function and injury
| Total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, ALP, ALT, AST, GGT, lipase, amylase
|
Circulating hormones, incretins, adipokines
| Adiponectin, estradiol, glucagon, GLP-1, leptin, ghrelin, resistin, corticosterone, cortisol, testosterone, T3, T4, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), growth hormone (GH), DPP4, insulin growth factor-1 (IGF-1), calcitonin, estradiol, luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
|
Myokines and skeletal muscle turnover biomarkers
| BDNF, GDF-11, GDF-15, follistatin and IGF-1
|
Nutritional status
| Vitamins A, B1, B6, B12, D, E, K, folate, magnesium, ferritin and total iron, calcitriol
|
| Inflammation cytokines | Proinflammatory cytokine panel, TNFα, IL-1β, IL-6, IFNγ, TGFβ1, PAI-1, TLR2, TLR4, NFKβ, IL-18 |
Bone homeostasis/mass
| BSAP, osteocalcin, P1NP, CTX-1, TRAC5b, BALP, NTX
|
Fibrosis markers
| FIB-4, ELFTM score (PIIINP, TIMP-1 and HA), FGF-19, FGF-20, PRO-C3, PRO-C6, NIS4® and NIS2+® (using YKL-40) |
Microbiome transcriptomics
| 16S Seq/fecal, saliva
|