Why CVMD needs an integrated nonclinical approach
Cardiovascular and metabolic diseases continue to represent a leading global cause of morbidity, mortality, and healthcare burden. Cardiometabolic comorbidities—diabetes, obesity, CKD, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH)—interact across the cardio‑kidney‑metabolic (CKM) spectrum and influence CV risk and therapeutic response. These conditions are multifactorial and interdependent, making early‑stage drug development particularly complex.