Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) Genetic Analysis

CPT: 81403; 81404(x2); 81405; 81406(x2); 81479
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Synonyms

  • Familial erythrophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis
  • Familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis
  • Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis (HLH)
  • Hemophagocytic Syndrome
  • Macrophage activation syndrome
  • Primary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis
  • Secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis

Test Includes

ADA, AP3B1, BLOC1S6, BTK, CD27, CD70, CORO1A, CTPS1, CYBB, FADD, FAS, FASLG, GATA2, IL2RA, IL2RG, ITK, LAMP1, LIPA, LYST, MAGT1, MEFV, MVK, NLRC4, NLRP3, PNP, PRF1,RAB27A, SH2D1A, SLC7A7, STX11, STXBP2, TBXAS1, TNFRSF1A, UNC13D, WAS, XIAP


Expected Turnaround Time

14 - 28 days



Specimen Requirements


Specimen

Whole blood, oral swab, or extracted DNA


Volume

4 mL, 1 swab, or 200 ng of DNA


Container

Lavender-top (EDTA) tube, OCD-100 DNA Genotek device only, or extracted DNA


Storage Instructions

Blood: Ship ASAP, but stable up to 5 days post-collection at room temperature. Do not freeze. Swab: 60 day post-collection at room temperature. DNA: Ship at room temperature after extraction.


Stability Requirements

Room temperature: Blood: 5 days; Swab: 60 days; DNA: 30 days

Refrigerated: Blood: 5 days; Swab: 60 days; DNA: 30 days

Frozen: Blood: Do not freeze; Swab: 60 days; DNA: Indefinitely


Causes for Rejection

Frozen blood EDTA tube; insufficient swab cell collection or incorrect oral swab device use; extracted DNA A260:A280 ratio outside of 1.8-2.0 range


Test Details


Use

Diagnostic testing


Limitations

The assay will not consistently detect germline mosaicism below 50% or rule out the presence of large chromosomal aberrations, including rearrangements, inversions that do not change copy number of genomic regions. The assay does not detect repeat expansions. Possible intergenic variant interactions are not commented on. False positive or false negative results may occur for reasons that include: insufficient information available about rare genetic variants, sex chromosome abnormalities, pseudogene interference, blood transfusions, bone marrow transplantation, somatic or tissue-specific mosaicism, mislabeled samples, or erroneous representation of family relationships. Variants that do not alter an amino acid composition of a protein may be difficult to assess for pathogenicity since they may produce abnormalities in structures not assessed by conventional analysis paradigms, e.g., mRNA expression and processing.1 Interpretation of the clinical significance of gene variations is limited by information about the variant that is available at the time of reporting, and by the quality and quantity of clinical information provided with the sample. As the understanding of human genetic diversity improves, the interpretation of the clinical significance of variants may change.

This test was developed and its performance characteristics determined by LabCorp. It has not been cleared or approved by the Food and Drug Administration.


Methodology

Nuclear Gene Single Nucleotide Polymorphism and Small Indel Sequencing Assessment: Genomic regions of interest are selected using a custom capture reagent for target enrichment (Twist Bioscience) and sequenced via the Illumina® Novaseq 6000 next generation sequencing platform. Sequencing reads are aligned with the human genome reference GRCh37/hg19 build. Regions of interest include all exons and intron/exon junctions (+/-10 nucleotides) for each gene analyzed. A minimum of 99% of bases in targeted regions are covered at >30X. Analytical sensitivity is estimated to be >99% for single nucleotide variants, >97% for insertions/deletions less than six base pairs, and >95% for insertions/deletions between six and fifteen base pairs. Uncovered regions with known pathogenic variants are sequenced in a targeted manner (List based on ClinVar Database: July 22, 2019 release).

Nuclear Gene Copy Number Variant Assessment: Next Generation Sequencing data used to call SNPs and small indels are assessed with Illumina's DRAGEN (Dynamic Read Analysis for GENomics) Bio-IT Platform. Genes listed in ClinVar with intragenic pathogenic deletions are padded with additional intronic probes to allow single exon resolution CNV detection (list based on ClinVar Deletion Database: January 2019 release). For other genes, large deletions (>10 exons) can be detected. The resolution of this analysis can vary depending on region-specific features. Analytical sensitivity is estimated to be >95%.

Results Interpretation: Results should be used in the context of available clinical information and should not be used as the sole basis for patient management or treatment. Genetic counseling is recommended. Variants are assessed according to ACMG criteria.2 This report contains interpretation of pathogenic and likely pathogenic variants (by ACMG criteria) as well as variants of uncertain significance (VUS) with pathogenic predictions related to the clinical information provided. Variants not reported: (1) variants classified as benign or likely benign by ACMG Criteria; (2) VUS with benign or likely benign predictions; (3) variants related to carrier status. We will reanalyze the data periodically at the clinician's request to allow potential reinterpretation based on new research or evidence.


Footnotes

1. Nackley AG, Shabalina SA, Tchivileva IE, et al. Human catechol-O-methyltransferase Haplotypes Modulate Protein Expression by Altering mRNA Secondary Structure. Science. 2006 Dec 22;314(5807):1930-1933.17185601
2. Richards S, Aziz N, Bale S, et al. Standards and Guidelines for the Interpretation of Sequence Variants: A Joint Consensus Recommendation of the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics and the Association for Molecular Pathology. Genet Med. 2015 May;17(5):405-424.25741868

LOINC® Map

Order Code Order Code Name Order Loinc Result Code Result Code Name UofM Result LOINC
630477 HLH Genetic Analysis 630478 Result 51969-4
630477 HLH Genetic Analysis 630479 Interpretation 50397-9
630477 HLH Genetic Analysis 630480 Footnotes 8251-1
630477 HLH Genetic Analysis 630481 PDF Image 80563-0

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